1. Which statement is TRUE about the deep back muscles?
The erector spinae flexes (bends anteriorly) the vertebral column
They are innervated by many levels of the spinal cord through dorsal primary rami
It is possible to perform a laminectomy without disturbing the deep back muscles
Iliocostalis is the most medial of the three columns of erector spinae muscles
The erector spinae muscles lie anterior to the vertebral transverse processes
2. With regard to the vertebral column:
The sacrum is formed from three fused vertebrae
The spinous process of a typical thoracic vertebra tends to be square in shape
The spinous process of vertebra T7 is called the vertebra prominens
The supraspinous ligament courses from one adjacent lamina to another
Lordosis is an abnormal condition in which there is an increase in the posterior concavity of the lumbar vertebral column
3. Spinal dura mater:
Is the periosteum of the vertebral canal
Is tightly fused to the arachnoid
Extends along the spinal nerves as the endoneurium
Encloses a sac which extends inferiorly to the level of the second sacral vertebra
Is a thin, delicate structure
4. Included among the structures within the vertebral canal at the appropriate level for a spinal tap are all of the following EXCEPT:
Nerve roots
Filum terminale
Denticulate ligaments
Veins of the vertebral venous plexus
5. Ligaments that a needle would normally pass through in reaching the vertebral canal include all of the following EXCEPT:
Interspinous
Ligamentum flavum
Anterior longitudinal
Supraspinous
6. A patient has a virus that has infected the ventral horns of the spinal cord from T6 to the conus medullaris, damaging all of the neurons that reside there. This condition would result in all of the following conditions EXCEPT:
Paralysis of the posterior inferior serratus muscle
Inability to rotate the lumbar vertebrae relative to the pelvis
Paralysis of the lower portion of the trapezius muscle
In time, a reduction in the depth of the vertebral furrow
Loss of ability to extend the lumbar spine
